U.S. Senate Majority Chief John Thune (R-SD) speaks at a press convention following the U.S. Senate Republicans’ weekly coverage luncheon on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., June 10, 2025.
Kent Nishimura | Reuters
After weeks of sparring over the specifics of the “one big, beautiful bill,” the bundle is poised to quickly head to the Senate flooring, the place lawmakers are pushing to get it throughout the end line and on President Donald Trump’s desk earlier than July 4.
Questions stay over whether or not the Home will finally settle for the Senate model of the bill, which was finalized simply earlier than midnight on Friday, as Eleventh-hour modifications introduced victories — and a few losses — for lawmakers, companies and particular curiosity teams. The modifications underscored the behind-the-scenes jockeying that went on to get the 940-page invoice completed.
One main sticking level for fiscal hawks is the megabill’s proposed $5 trillion debt ceiling improve, a determine some Senate Republicans proceed to bristle at, elevating questions on Senate Majority Chief John Thune’s capability to align his chamber.
Thune has mentioned he desires to convey the invoice to the ground for a key procedural vote as quickly as Saturday afternoon, whereas acknowledging that he might not have the votes. The uncertainty speaks to the truth of the Republicans’ razor-thin majority.
Listed below are a number of the key parts of the Senate’s “large, lovely invoice,” and who stands to learn from them:
Trump’s marketing campaign guarantees
If enacted, the Senate invoice would codify a number of of Trump’s marketing campaign guarantees, together with extensions for his 2017 tax cuts, resembling decrease income-tax brackets, greater customary deductions, a much bigger child tax credit and different provisions.
The Senate invoice additionally consists of new coverage proposals, resembling tax breaks for tip income, additional time pay, auto loans and a bonus deduction for older Americans to assist offset Social Safety earnings taxes.
Notably, a number of of the brand new tax breaks are solely short-term boosts from 2025 by 2028, which might influence taxpayers as early because the 2026 submitting season.
An earlier Senate draft would have slashed family taxes by a mean of roughly $2,600 in 2026, barely lower than the Home invoice, in response to the Tax Coverage Middle. Nevertheless, the group discovered that the advantages from each variations would skew to upper-income households.
‘Revenge tax’
Republicans and the Treasury Division on agreed this week to scrap the so-called revenge tax provision — formally referred to as Part 899 — bringing a sigh of aid to traders on Wall Road who feared it might make the U.S. a much less engaging place for investments.
The tax is geared toward retaliating towards any nations whose taxes have been deemed “discriminatory” or unfair towards the U.S.
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said that he would roll out a “joint understanding amongst G7 nations that defends American pursuits,” as he requested Congress to take away the availability from the tax invoice.
“Nice concern had been expressed by Wall Road and affected stakeholders in regards to the enactment of Part 899 and its influence on international funding in the USA, notably in view of its complexity, potential scope of software and compliance obligations,” attorneys at legislation agency Holland & Knight mentioned in a word of the tax, CNN reports.
‘SALT’ deduction
The Senate textual content additionally features a tentative cope with Home Republicans on the restrict on the federal deduction for state and local taxes, referred to as SALT. Handed by way of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, the $10,000 cap has been a sticking level for sure lawmakers in blue states.
Senate Republicans would increase the cap to $40,000 beginning in 2025, with the phaseout starting after $500,000 of earnings. Each figures would improve by 1% every year by 2029 and the cap would revert to $10,000 in 2030.
Nevertheless, in a win for business teams, the laws would go away intact a SALT cap workaround for pass-through companies, which permits house owners to sidestep the $10,000 cap. Against this, the Home-approved invoice would have ended the technique for sure white-collar professionals.
“That is nonsensical method to tax coverage,” Chye-Ching Huang, govt director of the Tax Regulation Middle at New York College Regulation, said in a tweet on Saturday.
“It preserves (and lessens) a restrict on deductions for rich taxpayers whereas ignoring a loophole that enables the wealthiest of these taxpayers to keep away from the restrict fully,” she mentioned.
Medicaid
One level of competition within the bundle is the proposed deep cuts to Medicaid, the insurance coverage program for low-income and disabled People that gives protection for greater than 70 million individuals.
The Senate parliamentarian nixed some Medicaid cuts late this week, however saved others, together with work requirements of 80 hours a month, which might threaten thousands and thousands of People’ capability to obtain medical health insurance, in response to the Congressional Budget Office.
Focused carve-outs
Some lawmakers and business teams notched last-minute wins that might profit their state’s constituents, underscoring the negotiating that probably came about till the bitter finish to sway skeptical Republicans.
For example, a provision within the invoice would increase the deduction for whale-hunting-related bills to $50,000 from $10,000, delivering a win for Alaska Republican Sens. Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan, Politico reports.
And, in a big blow to renewable power advocates, automobile producers and a few customers, the Senate invoice would remove the $7,500 tax credit score on electrical car gross sales and leases on Sept. 30, transferring up the timeline proposed in an earlier model of the textual content.
