Search overview
The screening course of for our search is detailed in Fig. 1. Following removing of duplicates between databases, 20,342 distinctive titles have been screened. From these, 19,727 titles have been additional excluded. Following full textual content screening, 122 research have been assessed for eligibility, of which 96 have been excluded as a result of they’d no health-related outcomes (n = 38), weren’t associated to local weather change (n = 2), there was no digital know-how used (n = 1), not printed in English (n = 2), not examined in people (n = 2), targeted on the event or design of a wearable solely or didn’t present actionable well being outcomes (n = 18), used telehealth with out the inclusion of health-related outcomes (n = 6), concerned the event of a web based platform solely (n = 16), or have been a kind of paper excluded from our overview (i.e., survey/ebook chapter) n = 13. This resulted in 24 research included within the ultimate evaluation19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42.
Movement diagram of the overview screening course of displaying the quantity (n) of research initially recognized, screened, assessed for eligibility with purpose for exclusions.
Examine Traits
A abstract of the research areas, 12 months of publication, intention(s), design, and important findings are displayed in Supplementary Desk 1. The primary articles on document have been printed in 201236,39. Within the following 10 years solely seven articles have been printed, till 2022–2025, the place 15 articles have been printed collectively. When the search was carried out on the eleventh of March 2025, two articles had been printed in 2025 (Fig. 2). Creator collaboration clusters are proven in Fig. 3. In whole, 123 individuals authored one doc, with 5 authoring two paperwork. Publications originated from america (n = 5), Germany (n = 2), Italy (n = 2), Japan (n = 2), New Zealand (n = 2), Sweden (n = 2), Australia (n = 1), Canada (n = 1), Chile (n = 1), Finland (n = 1), Indonesia (n = 1), Iran (n = 1), Netherlands (n = 1), South Korea (n = 1) and Turkey (n = 1).
Variety of articles and the 12 months of publication for research included in evaluation.
Every cluster represents the group of authors for every manuscript. The place creator collaboration exists, the thickness of the road between clusters represents the power of the collaboration. Nevertheless, our evaluation discovered no collaboration between any authors who’ve printed from the included articles.
Desk 1 exhibits the end result measures and digital know-how used inside which local weather change subjects, categorized into both well being outcomes, well being training, habits change or implementation. The areas of curiosity have been utilizing digital know-how to enhance well being training (n = 11 research), modifying well being outcomes (n = 9 research), adopted by altering well being habits (n = 6 research) and implementation (n = 7 research). Three research used co-design within the improvement of their know-how24,25,37, 12 research used their know-how to arrange individuals for excessive climate occasions (i.e., flood or earthquake evacuations)19,20,21,22,23,25,26,27,28,29,30, and 6 research used know-how to assist individuals handle their well being throughout excessive climate occasions25,33,35,36,37. Digital applied sciences used (with some research utilizing a couple of) included digital actuality (VR; n = 9), smartphone utility (n = 7), gaming (n = 7), on-line platform (n = 4), wearable (n = 3), telehealth (n = 2) and textual content messaging (n = 1).
Examine individuals
Twenty-three of the 24 research reported participant data. There was a complete of 18,749 individuals. Nineteen articles included details about participant intercourse, and from these, there have been a complete of 1533 individuals: 703 (45.9%) have been male, 825 (53.8%) have been feminine, three have been non-binary (0.2%) and two (0.1%) most popular to not specify their intercourse. The age of individuals reported from 12 research was 36 (7–87 years). Participant demographics ranged from main and secondary college and college college students to farm staff, individuals with diabetes and power obstructive pulmonary illness (COPD) and normal inhabitants residing within the space the place the research was undertaken (Supplementary Desk 1).
Examine design
Seven research employed varied smartphone app-based interventions concentrating on well being training/preparedness for and administration of well being outcomes (e.g., heat-related sickness) throughout local weather occasions. In some research, the efficacy of the app was in comparison with ‘normal care’34,38 or management situations with out using an app25,30. 4 research used pre and post-questionnaires to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention on well being training31, or modify habits or determination making34,38 using both a within- or between-subject design. Different research used apps to enhance determination making, similar to enhancing evacuation occasions throughout a tsunami by assessing the time to evacuation30 or monitoring biometrics and/or predicted thermal stress (two within the warmth25,35 and one within the chilly27) and offering actionable recommendation to stay in a wholesome thermal state.
9 research used VR to grasp the affect of immersive experiences to enhance well being training, local weather change health-related consciousness and modify habits. Digital actuality was primarily used to arrange people for making choices throughout local weather occasions, with seven of the 9 research serving this objective. In a number of research, the effectiveness of publicity to VR or 3D simulations was in comparison with conventional data supply strategies, similar to PowerPoint, or management situations with out VR22,23,29,42. Examine designs largely used pre- and post-test questionnaires to measure information, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions. In most situations, the length of VR engagement was not reported, nevertheless, in these research that did, durations different from 60 s to ~30 min. A number of research utilized immersive narrative experiences or interactive duties the place individuals’ actions throughout the VR surroundings affected the outcomes they noticed, significantly throughout VR that simulated evacuations. The research designs generally included parts of inquiry-based studying, multimedia, and gamification to interact individuals and assess each cognitive and emotional impacts.
Digital applied sciences usually make use of gaming to enhance well being training and habits utilizing pre and post-test questionnaires, with most customers participating within the sport as soon as. The design of video games different, and was used via both VR or on-line platforms, together with some particularly purposed for academic settings, which improved gamers’ information about local weather change and their decision-making talents. Different video games emphasised suggestions to strengthen studying20, or included storytelling parts41 to extend each information and engagement. Recreation durations different broadly, starting from a single 25-minute session to a number of weeks of gameplay. Nevertheless, the size of time spent taking part in didn’t seem to considerably affect outcomes, with enjoyment and constructive feelings towards local weather change remaining constant throughout totally different gameplay durations.
Three research used wearables to measure human physiological and environmental parameters to enhance well being outcomes and training and modify habits25,32. All research employed a suggestions system the place individuals would turn into conscious of their well being standing or surrounding surroundings primarily based on the wearable and behaviors have been monitored accordingly.
Two research utilized telehealth interventions: one delivered eight weeks of cognitive behavioral remedy to alleviate climate-related anxiousness40, whereas one other supplied 9 months of distant monitoring for sufferers with COPD33, aiming to scale back exacerbations throughout sizzling climate. The telehealth platforms facilitated common check-ins, distant consultations, and customized suggestions. Each research demonstrated that telehealth interventions have been considerably more practical than management teams, enhancing affected person outcomes by offering steady care, well timed interventions, and tailor-made assist.
4 research used on-line platforms. On-line platforms have been used for a variety of functions, together with monitoring well being signs36, enhancing psychological well being39, and enhancing well being training and determination making24,41. The length of engagement with the web platforms ranged from a single 45 min session, to 60 days of use. These platforms included options like real-time suggestions, interactive modules, and progress monitoring to reinforce person engagement. Whether or not targeted on symptom logging, or habits change, the platforms have been efficient in reaching their aims by enhancing studying outcomes and influencing constructive behavioral shifts.
One research used a textual content messaging intervention37. Text4Hope employed each day supportive textual content messages throughout a 3-month interval, designed on behavioral cognitive remedy to scale back signs of melancholy and anxiousness and enhance resilience and well-being in the course of the wildfires in Canada. This research included baseline and put up intervention questionnaires demonstrating enhancements in wellbeing, anxiousness and resilience.
Examine outcomes
Consequence measures for the included research have been categorised into well being outcomes, well being training, habits, and/or implementation. Determine 4 depicts the outcomes measures and effectiveness of digital know-how to realize the intention of every chosen research, with some research using a number of end result measures.
Well being end result measures are offered in inexperienced, well being training in orange, behavioral end result measures in blue and implementation end result measures in purple. Darkish colours point out that digital know-how was not efficient at reaching that end result measure, mild colours point out it was efficient. The dashed line denotes efficient interventions and darkish colours under the dashed line denote ineffective or detrimental interventions. Image sorts depict totally different applied sciences employed, particularly smartphone apps (triangles), textual content messaging (squares), digital actuality (circles), telehealth (pentagonal stars), wearable know-how (diamonds), and on-line platforms (octagonal stars).
9 research used digital know-how for health-related end result measures. The first goals of those research have been to: monitor warmth stress (n = 2), predict chilly stress (n = 1), cut back COPD exacerbations throughout heatwaves (n = 1), cut back hay fever signs (n = 1) and handle/enhance local weather change-related psychological well being challenges similar to melancholy, anxiousness, coping or high quality of life (n = 4). Research using wearables improved consciousness and knowledge assortment however had restricted affect on habits change and warmth stress detection25,32. Smartphone apps have been each ineffective at monitoring warmth sickness25 and predicting chilly stress27. Telehealth was efficient at lowering COPD exacerbations33 throughout heatwaves, and a web based platform the place individuals might obtain data/monitor their allergy symptoms was efficient in lowering individuals’s hay fever signs36.
A 3-month text-based program (Text4Hope) used in the course of the Canadian wildfires and an internet-based cognitive behavioral remedy program confirmed enhancements in wellbeing, melancholy, anxiousness and post-traumatic stress dysfunction signs37. Conversely, a web-based platform used to scale back melancholy and anxiousness signs and enhance coping throughout hurricane Ike, confirmed no enhancements in any psychological well being outcomes measures besides mitigating signs of fear39. Equally, a cellular app aimed toward enhancing prenatal environmental consciousness was helpful at enhancing well being behaviors, however didn’t enhance signs of melancholy or anxiousness34.
Eleven research assessed the use VR (n = 7)20,21,22,26,28,29,42, on-line platforms (n = 2)24,41, wearable (n = 1)25 and a smartphone utility (n = 1)31 to enhance well being training. In virtually all research, digital applied sciences have been efficient at enhancing information acquire and self-efficacy about particular subjects of curiosity. Matters ranged from studying the indicators of warmth stress and mitigation methods22,25, secure evacuation methods throughout earthquakes20,21,28,29 to studying how you can put together for and shield oneself throughout wildifres24. Just one research demonstrated no improve in self-efficacy following a VR simulation to enhance earthquake evacuation security29.
Six research used digital know-how to change habits and/or enhance determination making (Fig. 4). Some research used digital know-how to change how individuals reply to and/or the time it takes to decide and efficient evacuation methods for disasters, similar to tsunamis, floods and hurricanes19,23,30. For these research, digital know-how was efficient in enhancing behavioral responses to emergency conditions. Smartphone apps have been additionally used for habits change and have been efficient at altering individuals’s weight loss plan behaviors38 and environmental well being habits34, but demonstrated no change in motivation or intention to alter journey behaviors regardless of elevated consciousness of their surrounding air air pollution32.
Seven research assessed the efficacy of digital know-how implementation. The principle outcomes for implementation have been person expertise (n = 6) and discount in carbon emissions (n = 1). In all research, using digital applied sciences had excessive satisfaction for person expertise. One research used training via an app to alter individuals’s weight loss plan selections and finally cut back greenhouse fuel emissions from meals waste however confirmed no reductions in greenhouse fuel emissions (Fig. 4, Supplementary Desk 1).
Semantic evaluation of abstracts
Supplementary Fig. 1 is a visible depiction of the semantic evaluation of abstracts of included research. Clusters are indicative of the power of affiliation between phrases. Cluster 1 (purple, ten gadgets) focuses on local weather change and sustainability. Cluster 2 (darkish blue, ten gadgets) focuses on varieties of research and outcomes like digital actuality, information and self-efficacy. Cluster 3 (inexperienced, seven gadgets) targeted on warmth and wearables. The time period ‘intervention’ was probably the most regularly utilized in all abstracts.
